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portfolio/infra-run/scripts/python/journal-analyzer/journal_analyzer.py
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Add journal analyzer tool
2026-05-11 17:06:05 +00:00
#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Analyze exported journalctl text logs for operational findings."""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import json
import re
import sys
from collections import Counter
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
EXIT_OK = 0
EXIT_FINDINGS = 1
EXIT_INVALID = 2
UNKNOWN = "UNKNOWN"
SEVERITY_ORDER = {"CRITICAL": 0, "WARNING": 1}
CRITICAL_PATTERNS = [
{
"name": "failed to start",
"pattern": "failed to start",
"category": "failed_unit",
"service_hint": "systemd",
},
{
"name": "entered failed state",
"pattern": "entered failed state",
"category": "failed_unit",
"service_hint": "systemd",
},
{
"name": "dependency failed",
"pattern": "dependency failed",
"category": "dependency_failure",
"service_hint": "systemd",
},
{
"name": "job failed",
"pattern": "job failed",
"category": "failed_unit",
"service_hint": "systemd",
},
{
"name": "unit failed",
"pattern": "unit failed",
"category": "failed_unit",
"service_hint": "systemd",
},
{
"name": "kernel panic",
"pattern": "kernel panic",
"category": "kernel_panic",
"service_hint": "kernel",
},
{
"name": "panic",
"pattern": "panic",
"category": "kernel_panic",
"service_hint": "kernel",
},
{
"name": "Out of memory",
"pattern": "Out of memory",
"category": "oom",
"service_hint": "kernel",
},
{
"name": "invoked oom-killer",
"pattern": "invoked oom-killer",
"category": "oom",
"service_hint": "kernel",
},
{
"name": "killed process",
"pattern": "killed process",
"category": "oom",
"service_hint": "kernel",
},
{
"name": "no space left on device",
"pattern": "no space left on device",
"category": "disk_filesystem",
"service_hint": "storage",
},
{
"name": "read-only file system",
"pattern": "read-only file system",
"category": "disk_filesystem",
"service_hint": "storage",
},
{
"name": "segmentation fault",
"pattern": "segmentation fault",
"category": "crash",
"service_hint": "application",
},
{
"name": "segfault",
"pattern": "segfault",
"category": "crash",
"service_hint": "application",
},
{
"name": "certificate expired",
"pattern": "certificate expired",
"category": "tls_certificate",
"service_hint": "tls",
},
{
"name": "TLS handshake failed",
"pattern": "TLS handshake failed",
"category": "tls_certificate",
"service_hint": "tls",
},
{
"name": "emergency mode",
"pattern": "emergency mode",
"category": "system_recovery",
"service_hint": "systemd",
},
{
"name": "filesystem error",
"pattern": "filesystem error",
"category": "disk_filesystem",
"service_hint": "storage",
},
{
"name": "I/O error",
"pattern": "I/O error",
"category": "disk_filesystem",
"service_hint": "storage",
},
]
WARNING_PATTERNS = [
{
"name": "service restart",
"pattern": "service restart",
"category": "restart",
"service_hint": "systemd",
},
{
"name": "scheduled restart job",
"pattern": "scheduled restart job",
"category": "restart",
"service_hint": "systemd",
},
{
"name": "start request repeated too quickly",
"pattern": "start request repeated too quickly",
"category": "restart",
"service_hint": "systemd",
},
{
"name": "timeout",
"pattern": "timeout",
"category": "timeout",
"service_hint": "application",
},
{
"name": "timed out",
"pattern": "timed out",
"category": "timeout",
"service_hint": "application",
},
{
"name": "connection refused",
"pattern": "connection refused",
"category": "network",
"service_hint": "network",
},
{
"name": "connection reset",
"pattern": "connection reset",
"category": "network",
"service_hint": "network",
},
{
"name": "permission denied",
"pattern": "permission denied",
"category": "permission",
"service_hint": "security",
},
{
"name": "authentication failure",
"pattern": "authentication failure",
"category": "authentication",
"service_hint": "security",
},
{
"name": "denied",
"pattern": "denied",
"category": "permission",
"service_hint": "security",
},
{
"name": "unavailable",
"pattern": "unavailable",
"category": "availability",
"service_hint": "application",
},
{
"name": "degraded",
"pattern": "degraded",
"category": "degraded",
"service_hint": "systemd",
},
{
"name": "failed",
"pattern": "failed",
"category": "generic_failure",
"service_hint": "application",
},
{
"name": "warning",
"pattern": "warning",
"category": "warning",
"service_hint": "application",
},
]
ISO_TIMESTAMP_RE = re.compile(
r"\b(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2})[ T](\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})([,.]\d{1,6})?\b"
)
SYSLOG_TIMESTAMP_RE = re.compile(r"^([A-Z][a-z]{2}\s+\d{1,2}\s+\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})\b")
UNIT_RE = re.compile(r"\b([A-Za-z0-9_.@:-]+\.service)\b")
ANY_UNIT_RE = re.compile(
r"\b([A-Za-z0-9_.@:-]+\.(?:service|socket|mount|target|timer|path|slice|scope|device))\b"
)
PREFIX_RE = re.compile(
r"^(?:[A-Z][a-z]{2}\s+\d{1,2}\s+\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}\s+)?"
r"(?:\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}[ T]\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(?:[,.]\d{1,6})?\s+)?"
r"(?:(?P<host>[A-Za-z0-9_.:-]+)\s+)?"
r"(?P<proc>[A-Za-z0-9_.@/-]+)(?:\[(?P<pid>\d+)\])?:"
)
KILLED_PROCESS_RE = re.compile(r"Killed process \d+ \(([^)]+)\)")
SYSTEMD_FAILED_START_RE = re.compile(r"Failed to start\s+(.+?)\.")
SYSTEMD_TRIGGER_RE = re.compile(r"Triggered By:\s*([A-Za-z0-9_.@:-]+\.(?:service|socket|mount|target|timer|path|slice|scope|device))")
PID_RE = re.compile(r"\bpid[ =](\d+)\b", re.IGNORECASE)
def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description="Analyze exported journalctl text logs for systemd and service findings."
)
parser.add_argument("--file", required=True, help="Exported journal log file to analyze.")
parser.add_argument(
"--format",
choices=("text", "markdown", "json"),
default="text",
help="Report format. Default: text.",
)
parser.add_argument("--output", help="Write report to this path instead of stdout.")
parser.add_argument(
"--service",
help="Filter findings to a service, unit, or process name. Partial matching is allowed.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--severity",
choices=("warning", "critical"),
help="Show only warning or critical findings.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--top",
type=positive_int,
default=10,
help="Number of top groups, services, and categories to display. Default: 10.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--max-samples",
type=non_negative_int,
default=3,
help="Maximum sample lines per finding group. Default: 3.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--ignore-case",
action="store_true",
help="Match configured patterns case-insensitively.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"--since",
type=parse_filter_timestamp,
help='Include lines at or after "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS".',
)
parser.add_argument(
"--until",
type=parse_filter_timestamp,
help='Include lines at or before "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS".',
)
return parser
def positive_int(value: str) -> int:
try:
number = int(value)
except ValueError as exc:
raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("must be a positive integer") from exc
if number <= 0:
raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("must be a positive integer")
return number
def non_negative_int(value: str) -> int:
try:
number = int(value)
except ValueError as exc:
raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("must be zero or a positive integer") from exc
if number < 0:
raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("must be zero or a positive integer")
return number
def parse_filter_timestamp(value: str) -> datetime:
for fmt in (
"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,%f",
):
try:
return datetime.strptime(value, fmt)
except ValueError:
continue
raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
'expected timestamp format "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS"'
)
def compile_patterns(ignore_case: bool) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
flags = re.IGNORECASE
if ignore_case:
flags |= re.IGNORECASE
compiled = []
for item in CRITICAL_PATTERNS:
compiled.append(
{
**item,
"severity": "CRITICAL",
"regex": re.compile(re.escape(item["pattern"]), flags),
}
)
for item in WARNING_PATTERNS:
compiled.append(
{
**item,
"severity": "WARNING",
"regex": re.compile(re.escape(item["pattern"]), flags),
}
)
return compiled
def read_log_file(path: Path) -> list[str]:
if not path.exists():
raise OSError(f"file does not exist: {path}")
if not path.is_file():
raise OSError(f"path is not a regular file: {path}")
try:
text = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")
except PermissionError as exc:
raise OSError(f"file is not readable: {path}") from exc
except OSError as exc:
raise OSError(f"unable to read file {path}: {exc}") from exc
if text == "":
raise ValueError(f"file is empty: {path}")
return text.splitlines()
def parse_line_timestamp(line: str, syslog_year: int) -> tuple[datetime | None, str]:
iso_match = ISO_TIMESTAMP_RE.search(line)
if iso_match:
fraction = iso_match.group(3) or ""
raw = f"{iso_match.group(1)} {iso_match.group(2)}"
parse_value = raw
fmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
if fraction:
parse_value = f"{raw}.{fraction[1:].ljust(6, '0')[:6]}"
fmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f"
try:
return datetime.strptime(parse_value, fmt), raw + fraction
except ValueError:
return None, UNKNOWN
syslog_match = SYSLOG_TIMESTAMP_RE.search(line)
if syslog_match:
raw = syslog_match.group(1)
try:
parsed = datetime.strptime(f"{syslog_year} {raw}", "%Y %b %d %H:%M:%S")
except ValueError:
return None, UNKNOWN
return parsed, raw
return None, UNKNOWN
def line_in_time_window(
parsed_at: datetime | None, since: datetime | None, until: datetime | None
) -> bool:
if parsed_at is None:
return True
if since is not None and parsed_at < since:
return False
if until is not None and parsed_at > until:
return False
return True
def render_seen(value: tuple[datetime, str] | None) -> str:
if value is None:
return UNKNOWN
return value[1] or value[0].strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
def update_seen(group: dict[str, Any], parsed_at: datetime | None, rendered_at: str) -> None:
if parsed_at is None:
return
if group["first_seen"] is None or parsed_at < group["first_seen"][0]:
group["first_seen"] = (parsed_at, rendered_at)
if group["last_seen"] is None or parsed_at > group["last_seen"][0]:
group["last_seen"] = (parsed_at, rendered_at)
def append_limited(items: list[str], value: str, limit: int) -> None:
if limit == 0:
return
if value in items:
return
if len(items) < limit:
items.append(value)
def normalize_service_name(value: str) -> str:
stripped = value.strip()
if not stripped:
return UNKNOWN
return stripped
def extract_service_info(line: str, pattern_item: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, str]:
unit_match = UNIT_RE.search(line)
any_unit_match = ANY_UNIT_RE.search(line)
prefix_match = PREFIX_RE.search(line)
killed_match = KILLED_PROCESS_RE.search(line)
triggered_match = SYSTEMD_TRIGGER_RE.search(line)
pid_match = PID_RE.search(line)
unit = UNKNOWN
process = UNKNOWN
pid = UNKNOWN
if unit_match:
unit = unit_match.group(1)
elif any_unit_match:
unit = any_unit_match.group(1)
if prefix_match:
process = prefix_match.group("proc") or UNKNOWN
pid = prefix_match.group("pid") or UNKNOWN
if killed_match:
process = normalize_service_name(killed_match.group(1))
if pid == UNKNOWN and pid_match:
pid = pid_match.group(1)
if unit == UNKNOWN and process == "systemd":
failed_start_match = SYSTEMD_FAILED_START_RE.search(line)
if failed_start_match:
unit = normalize_service_name(
failed_start_match.group(1).strip().replace(" ", "-")
)
if not unit.endswith(".service"):
unit = f"{unit}.service"
if unit == UNKNOWN and triggered_match:
unit = triggered_match.group(1)
service = UNKNOWN
if unit != UNKNOWN:
service = unit
elif process != UNKNOWN:
service = process
elif pattern_item.get("service_hint"):
service = pattern_item["service_hint"]
return {
"service": service,
"unit": unit,
"process": process,
"pid": pid,
}
def service_filter_matches(service_filter: str | None, service_info: dict[str, str], line: str) -> bool:
if not service_filter:
return True
needle = service_filter.lower()
candidates = [line.lower()]
for key in ("service", "unit", "process"):
value = service_info.get(key, UNKNOWN)
if value != UNKNOWN:
candidates.append(value.lower())
return any(needle in candidate for candidate in candidates)
def severity_filter_matches(selected: str | None, severity: str) -> bool:
if selected is None:
return True
return selected.upper() == severity
def detect_failed_unit(line: str, service_info: dict[str, str], category: str) -> str | None:
if category not in {"failed_unit", "dependency_failure"}:
return None
if service_info["unit"] != UNKNOWN:
return service_info["unit"]
match = ANY_UNIT_RE.search(line)
if match:
return match.group(1)
return None
def analyze_log(
lines: list[str],
patterns: list[dict[str, Any]],
since: datetime | None,
until: datetime | None,
service_filter: str | None,
severity_filter: str | None,
top: int,
max_samples: int,
) -> dict[str, Any]:
syslog_year = since.year if since is not None else datetime.now().year
groups: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
total_lines_scanned = 0
parsed_timestamps = 0
unknown_timestamps = 0
top_services = Counter()
top_categories = Counter()
failed_units = Counter()
restart_findings = 0
oom_findings = 0
filesystem_findings = 0
for line in lines:
parsed_at, rendered_at = parse_line_timestamp(line, syslog_year)
total_lines_scanned += 1
if parsed_at is not None:
parsed_timestamps += 1
else:
unknown_timestamps += 1
if not line_in_time_window(parsed_at, since, until):
continue
matched_items = [item for item in patterns if item["regex"].search(line)]
if matched_items:
has_specific_match = any(
item["name"] not in {"failed", "warning"} for item in matched_items
)
if has_specific_match:
matched_items = [
item for item in matched_items if item["name"] not in {"failed", "warning"}
]
for item in matched_items:
if not severity_filter_matches(severity_filter, item["severity"]):
continue
service_info = extract_service_info(line, item)
if not service_filter_matches(service_filter, service_info, line):
continue
key = (
f"{service_info['service']}::{item['name']}::{item['category']}::{item['severity']}"
)
group = groups.setdefault(
key,
{
"service": service_info["service"],
"unit": service_info["unit"],
"process": service_info["process"],
"pid": service_info["pid"],
"category": item["category"],
"pattern": item["name"],
"severity": item["severity"],
"occurrences": 0,
"first_seen": None,
"last_seen": None,
"samples": [],
},
)
group["occurrences"] += 1
update_seen(group, parsed_at, rendered_at)
append_limited(group["samples"], line, max_samples)
top_services[group["service"]] += 1
top_categories[group["category"]] += 1
failed_unit = detect_failed_unit(line, service_info, item["category"])
if failed_unit:
failed_units[failed_unit] += 1
if item["category"] == "restart":
restart_findings += 1
if item["category"] == "oom":
oom_findings += 1
if item["category"] == "disk_filesystem":
filesystem_findings += 1
findings = sorted(
groups.values(),
key=lambda item: (
SEVERITY_ORDER[item["severity"]],
-item["occurrences"],
item["service"].lower(),
item["category"].lower(),
),
)
rendered_findings = []
for group in findings:
rendered_findings.append(
{
"service": group["service"],
"unit": group["unit"],
"process": group["process"],
"pid": group["pid"],
"category": group["category"],
"pattern": group["pattern"],
"severity": group["severity"],
"occurrences": group["occurrences"],
"first_seen": render_seen(group["first_seen"]),
"last_seen": render_seen(group["last_seen"]),
"samples": group["samples"],
}
)
critical_groups = sum(1 for item in rendered_findings if item["severity"] == "CRITICAL")
warning_groups = sum(1 for item in rendered_findings if item["severity"] == "WARNING")
overall_status = "OK"
if critical_groups > 0:
overall_status = "CRITICAL"
elif warning_groups > 0:
overall_status = "WARNING"
displayed_findings = rendered_findings[:top]
return {
"overall_status": overall_status,
"total_lines_scanned": total_lines_scanned,
"total_findings": sum(item["occurrences"] for item in rendered_findings),
"critical_finding_groups": critical_groups,
"warning_finding_groups": warning_groups,
"affected_services_count": len([name for name in top_services if name != UNKNOWN]),
"top_affected_services": [
{"service": name, "count": count}
for name, count in top_services.most_common(top)
],
"top_categories": [
{"category": name, "count": count}
for name, count in top_categories.most_common(top)
],
"failed_units": [
{"unit": name, "count": count} for name, count in failed_units.most_common(top)
],
"restart_findings": restart_findings,
"oom_findings": oom_findings,
"filesystem_disk_findings": filesystem_findings,
"timestamp_coverage": {
"parsed_timestamps_count": parsed_timestamps,
"unknown_timestamps_count": unknown_timestamps,
},
"filters_used": {
"service": service_filter or None,
"severity": severity_filter or None,
"since": since.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if since else None,
"until": until.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") if until else None,
},
"finding_groups": displayed_findings,
"finding_groups_total": len(rendered_findings),
}
def render_top_pairs(items: list[dict[str, Any]], key: str) -> str:
if not items:
return "None"
return ", ".join(f"{item[key]} ({item['count']})" for item in items)
def render_text(report: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
lines = [
"Journal Analyzer",
"================",
"",
f"Overall status: {report['overall_status']}",
"Journal findings require review; logs alone do not prove root cause.",
"",
]
if report["finding_groups"]:
for finding in report["finding_groups"]:
lines.extend(
[
f"[{finding['severity']}] {finding['service']} - {finding['category']}",
f"Pattern: {finding['pattern']}",
f"Occurrences: {finding['occurrences']}",
f"Unit: {finding['unit']}",
f"Process: {finding['process']}",
f"PID: {finding['pid']}",
f"First seen: {finding['first_seen']}",
f"Last seen: {finding['last_seen']}",
"Samples:",
]
)
if finding["samples"]:
for sample in finding["samples"]:
lines.append(f" - {sample}")
else:
lines.append(" - None")
lines.append("")
else:
lines.extend(["No journal findings detected for the selected filters.", ""])
lines.extend(
[
"Operational Summary",
"-------------------",
f"Overall status: {report['overall_status']}",
f"Total lines scanned: {report['total_lines_scanned']}",
f"Total findings: {report['total_findings']}",
f"Critical finding groups: {report['critical_finding_groups']}",
f"Warning finding groups: {report['warning_finding_groups']}",
f"Affected services/units count: {report['affected_services_count']}",
"Top affected services/units: "
+ render_top_pairs(report["top_affected_services"], "service"),
"Top finding categories: "
+ render_top_pairs(report["top_categories"], "category"),
"Failed unit findings: "
+ render_top_pairs(report["failed_units"], "unit"),
f"Restart findings: {report['restart_findings']}",
f"OOM findings: {report['oom_findings']}",
f"Filesystem/disk findings: {report['filesystem_disk_findings']}",
"Timestamp coverage: "
f"parsed={report['timestamp_coverage']['parsed_timestamps_count']}, "
f"unknown={report['timestamp_coverage']['unknown_timestamps_count']}",
"Filters used: "
f"service={report['filters_used']['service'] or 'None'}, "
f"severity={report['filters_used']['severity'] or 'None'}, "
f"since={report['filters_used']['since'] or 'None'}, "
f"until={report['filters_used']['until'] or 'None'}",
]
)
return "\n".join(lines)
def render_markdown(report: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
lines = [
"# Journal Analyzer Report",
"",
f"- Overall status: `{report['overall_status']}`",
"- Journal findings require review; logs alone do not prove root cause.",
"",
]
if report["finding_groups"]:
lines.append("## Finding Groups")
lines.append("")
for finding in report["finding_groups"]:
lines.extend(
[
f"### [{finding['severity']}] {finding['service']} - {finding['category']}",
"",
f"- Pattern: `{finding['pattern']}`",
f"- Occurrences: `{finding['occurrences']}`",
f"- Unit: `{finding['unit']}`",
f"- Process: `{finding['process']}`",
f"- PID: `{finding['pid']}`",
f"- First seen: `{finding['first_seen']}`",
f"- Last seen: `{finding['last_seen']}`",
"- Samples:",
]
)
if finding["samples"]:
for sample in finding["samples"]:
lines.append(f" - `{sample}`")
else:
lines.append(" - `None`")
lines.append("")
else:
lines.extend(["## Finding Groups", "", "No journal findings detected for the selected filters.", ""])
lines.extend(
[
"## Operational Summary",
"",
f"- Overall status: `{report['overall_status']}`",
f"- Total lines scanned: `{report['total_lines_scanned']}`",
f"- Total findings: `{report['total_findings']}`",
f"- Critical finding groups: `{report['critical_finding_groups']}`",
f"- Warning finding groups: `{report['warning_finding_groups']}`",
f"- Affected services/units count: `{report['affected_services_count']}`",
"- Top affected services/units: "
+ (render_top_pairs(report["top_affected_services"], "service") or "None"),
"- Top finding categories: "
+ (render_top_pairs(report["top_categories"], "category") or "None"),
"- Failed unit findings: "
+ (render_top_pairs(report["failed_units"], "unit") or "None"),
f"- Restart findings: `{report['restart_findings']}`",
f"- OOM findings: `{report['oom_findings']}`",
f"- Filesystem/disk findings: `{report['filesystem_disk_findings']}`",
"- Timestamp coverage: "
f"parsed=`{report['timestamp_coverage']['parsed_timestamps_count']}`, "
f"unknown=`{report['timestamp_coverage']['unknown_timestamps_count']}`",
"- Filters used: "
f"service=`{report['filters_used']['service'] or 'None'}`, "
f"severity=`{report['filters_used']['severity'] or 'None'}`, "
f"since=`{report['filters_used']['since'] or 'None'}`, "
f"until=`{report['filters_used']['until'] or 'None'}`",
]
)
return "\n".join(lines)
def render_json(report: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
return json.dumps(report, indent=2)
def write_output(text: str, output_path: str | None, input_path: Path) -> None:
if output_path is None:
print(text)
return
destination = Path(output_path)
try:
if destination.exists() and destination.resolve() == input_path.resolve():
raise OSError("output path must not overwrite the input log file")
except OSError:
pass
try:
destination.write_text(text + ("\n" if not text.endswith("\n") else ""), encoding="utf-8")
except OSError as exc:
raise OSError(f"unable to write report to {destination}: {exc}") from exc
def determine_exit_code(report: dict[str, Any]) -> int:
if report["total_findings"] > 0:
return EXIT_FINDINGS
return EXIT_OK
def main() -> int:
parser = build_parser()
args = parser.parse_args()
try:
input_path = Path(args.file)
lines = read_log_file(input_path)
patterns = compile_patterns(args.ignore_case)
report = analyze_log(
lines=lines,
patterns=patterns,
since=args.since,
until=args.until,
service_filter=args.service,
severity_filter=args.severity.upper() if args.severity else None,
top=args.top,
max_samples=args.max_samples,
)
if args.format == "text":
rendered = render_text(report)
elif args.format == "markdown":
rendered = render_markdown(report)
else:
rendered = render_json(report)
write_output(rendered, args.output, input_path)
return determine_exit_code(report)
except (OSError, ValueError) as exc:
print(f"ERROR: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
return EXIT_INVALID
except Exception as exc: # pragma: no cover - defensive operational fallback
print(f"ERROR: unexpected runtime failure: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
return EXIT_INVALID
if __name__ == "__main__":
sys.exit(main())
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