From 75a11f76504d0735c17595a681e101ffe647defc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Mateusz Suski <mateusz.suski@pwmgroup.pl>
Date: Wed, 6 May 2026 08:45:33 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Add RHEL 9 CIS-inspired hardening playbook

---
 infra-run/ansible/ansible.cfg                 |  9 ++
 .../ansible/collections/requirements.yml      |  4 +
 .../ansible/inventory/group_vars/all.yml      | 18 ++++
 infra-run/ansible/inventory/hosts.yml         |  5 ++
 .../ansible/playbooks/cis-rhel9-hardening.yml | 20 +++++
 .../roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/README.md       | 83 +++++++++++++++++
 .../cis-rhel9-hardening/defaults/main.yml     | 80 +++++++++++++++++
 .../cis-rhel9-hardening/handlers/main.yml     | 24 +++++
 .../roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/audit.yml | 38 ++++++++
 .../cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/filesystem.yml  | 36 ++++++++
 .../cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/logging.yml     | 24 +++++
 .../roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/main.yml  | 54 ++++++++++++
 .../cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/packages.yml    | 24 +++++
 .../cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/postcheck.yml   | 79 +++++++++++++++++
 .../cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/precheck.yml    | 54 ++++++++++++
 .../cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/services.yml    | 36 ++++++++
 .../roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/ssh.yml   | 88 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/sudo.yml  | 18 ++++
 .../cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/sysctl.yml      | 11 +++
 .../roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/vars/main.yml   |  6 ++
 20 files changed, 711 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/ansible.cfg
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/collections/requirements.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/inventory/group_vars/all.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/inventory/hosts.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/playbooks/cis-rhel9-hardening.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/README.md
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/defaults/main.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/handlers/main.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/audit.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/filesystem.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/logging.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/main.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/packages.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/postcheck.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/precheck.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/services.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/ssh.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/sudo.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/sysctl.yml
 create mode 100644 infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/vars/main.yml

diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/ansible.cfg b/infra-run/ansible/ansible.cfg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c1c917
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/ansible.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[defaults]
+inventory = inventory/hosts.yml
+roles_path = roles
+host_key_checking = False
+retry_files_enabled = False
+stdout_callback = yaml
+
+[privilege_escalation]
+become = True
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/collections/requirements.yml b/infra-run/ansible/collections/requirements.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92a0244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/collections/requirements.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+collections:
+  - name: ansible.posix
+  - name: community.general
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/inventory/group_vars/all.yml b/infra-run/ansible/inventory/group_vars/all.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d3c230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/inventory/group_vars/all.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+timezone: UTC
+
+cis_ntp_servers:
+  - 0.rhel.pool.ntp.org
+  - 1.rhel.pool.ntp.org
+  - 2.rhel.pool.ntp.org
+  - 3.rhel.pool.ntp.org
+
+# Operational defaults. Override per run with --extra-vars or inventory when needed.
+cis_disable_root_login: true
+cis_disable_password_auth: false
+cis_install_auditd: true
+cis_enable_chrony: true
+cis_enable_rsyslog: true
+cis_remove_legacy_packages: true
+cis_enable_sysctl_hardening: true
+cis_manage_mount_options: false
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/inventory/hosts.yml b/infra-run/ansible/inventory/hosts.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e1fb88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/inventory/hosts.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+linux:
+  hosts:
+    localhost:
+      ansible_connection: local
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/playbooks/cis-rhel9-hardening.yml b/infra-run/ansible/playbooks/cis-rhel9-hardening.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf428f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/playbooks/cis-rhel9-hardening.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+---
+- name: Apply CIS-inspired RHEL 9 hardening controls
+  hosts: linux
+  become: true
+  gather_facts: true
+
+  roles:
+    - role: cis-rhel9-hardening
+      tags:
+        - cis
+        - hardening
+
+  post_tasks:
+    - name: Show validation summary
+      ansible.builtin.debug:
+        var: cis_validation_summary
+      when: cis_validation_summary is defined
+      tags:
+        - always
+        - postcheck
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/README.md b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65b9810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# CIS-Inspired RHEL 9 Hardening Role
+
+This role provides a practical, production-style hardening baseline for RHEL 9 and Oracle Linux 9 systems. It is inspired by CIS Benchmark controls for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 version 2.0.0, but it is intentionally scoped to common operational controls that infrastructure and security operations teams frequently automate.
+
+This is not a full CIS certification implementation.
+
+## Supported Platforms
+
+- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9
+- Oracle Linux 9
+
+The role fails safely on unsupported operating systems or unsupported major versions.
+
+## Implemented Controls
+
+- SSH daemon hardening for root login, empty passwords, password authentication, retry limits, login grace time, and client keepalive behavior.
+- Removal of selected legacy network packages such as telnet, rsh-server, and ypbind.
+- Optional installation and enablement of chrony, auditd, and rsyslog.
+- CIS-inspired IPv4 network sysctl settings.
+- Service enablement for chronyd, auditd, and rsyslog.
+- Safe disabling of known legacy services when they are present.
+- Basic audit backlog and audit rule examples.
+- Sudo defaults for `use_pty` and a configurable sudo logfile.
+- Rsyslog service validation and journald configuration presence checks.
+- Optional filesystem mount option persistence for selected paths.
+
+## Safety Philosophy
+
+The defaults are conservative. The role supports Ansible check mode and avoids destructive production behavior by default. Filesystem mount option management is disabled unless `cis_manage_mount_options` is explicitly enabled, and even then the role persists configured options without remounting live filesystems.
+
+Review variables before using this role in production.
+
+## Common Variables
+
+```yaml
+cis_disable_root_login: true
+cis_disable_password_auth: false
+cis_install_auditd: true
+cis_enable_chrony: true
+cis_enable_rsyslog: true
+cis_remove_legacy_packages: true
+cis_enable_sysctl_hardening: true
+cis_manage_mount_options: false
+```
+
+## Check Mode
+
+Run a full safety preview:
+
+```bash
+ansible-playbook playbooks/cis-rhel9-hardening.yml --check --diff
+```
+
+Run only SSH controls in check mode:
+
+```bash
+ansible-playbook playbooks/cis-rhel9-hardening.yml --check --diff --tags ssh
+```
+
+## Tags
+
+Useful tags include:
+
+- `precheck`
+- `packages`
+- `ssh`
+- `sysctl`
+- `services`
+- `audit`
+- `sudo`
+- `logging`
+- `filesystem`
+- `postcheck`
+
+Example:
+
+```bash
+ansible-playbook playbooks/cis-rhel9-hardening.yml --tags precheck,ssh,postcheck
+```
+
+## Production Rollout Notes
+
+This role is a hardening starting point for internal infrastructure teams. It should be reviewed against local access patterns, break-glass procedures, compliance requirements, monitoring expectations, and host build standards before rollout.
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/defaults/main.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/defaults/main.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8acc147
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/defaults/main.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+---
+cis_benchmark_version: "2.0.0"
+
+cis_disable_root_login: true
+cis_disable_password_auth: false
+cis_install_auditd: true
+cis_enable_chrony: true
+cis_enable_rsyslog: true
+cis_remove_legacy_packages: true
+cis_enable_sysctl_hardening: true
+cis_manage_mount_options: false
+
+cis_ssh_max_auth_tries: 4
+cis_ssh_login_grace_time: 60
+cis_ssh_client_alive_interval: 300
+cis_ssh_client_alive_count_max: 3
+cis_ssh_dropin_path: /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/50-cis-rhel9-hardening.conf
+
+cis_min_root_free_mb: 1024
+
+cis_legacy_packages:
+  - telnet
+  - rsh-server
+  - ypbind
+
+cis_legacy_services:
+  - telnet.socket
+  - rsh.socket
+  - rexec.socket
+  - rlogin.socket
+  - ypbind.service
+
+cis_sysctl_settings:
+  net.ipv4.ip_forward: 0
+  net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects: 0
+  net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects: 0
+  net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route: 0
+  net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route: 0
+  net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects: 0
+  net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects: 0
+  net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies: 1
+
+cis_sysctl_config_file: /etc/sysctl.d/60-cis-rhel9-hardening.conf
+
+cis_audit_rules_path: /etc/audit/rules.d/50-cis-rhel9-hardening.rules
+cis_audit_backlog_limit: 8192
+cis_audit_rules:
+  - "-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k identity"
+  - "-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k identity"
+  - "-w /etc/group -p wa -k identity"
+  - "-w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k identity"
+  - "-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k scope"
+  - "-w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k scope"
+  - "-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex,settimeofday,clock_settime -k time-change"
+
+cis_sudoers_dropin_path: /etc/sudoers.d/50-cis-rhel9-hardening
+cis_sudo_logfile: /var/log/sudo.log
+
+cis_mount_option_targets:
+  - path: /tmp
+    options:
+      - nodev
+      - nosuid
+      - noexec
+  - path: /var/tmp
+    options:
+      - nodev
+      - nosuid
+      - noexec
+  - path: /home
+    options:
+      - nodev
+
+cis_container_virtualization_types:
+  - container
+  - docker
+  - lxc
+  - podman
+  - containerd
+  - systemd-nspawn
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/handlers/main.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/handlers/main.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c267736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/handlers/main.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+- name: Validate sshd configuration
+  ansible.builtin.command: sshd -t
+  changed_when: false
+  listen: validate sshd
+
+- name: Reload sshd
+  ansible.builtin.service:
+    name: sshd
+    state: reloaded
+  listen: reload sshd
+
+- name: Restart auditd
+  ansible.builtin.service:
+    name: auditd
+    state: restarted
+    use: service
+  listen: restart auditd
+
+- name: Restart rsyslog
+  ansible.builtin.service:
+    name: rsyslog
+    state: restarted
+  listen: restart rsyslog
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/audit.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/audit.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19f71ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/audit.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+- name: Ensure audit rules directory exists
+  ansible.builtin.file:
+    path: /etc/audit/rules.d
+    state: directory
+    owner: root
+    group: root
+    mode: "0750"
+
+- name: Configure audit backlog limit
+  ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
+    path: /etc/audit/audit.rules
+    regexp: '^-b\s+'
+    line: "-b {{ cis_audit_backlog_limit }}"
+    create: true
+    owner: root
+    group: root
+    mode: "0640"
+  notify: restart auditd
+
+- name: Install baseline audit rules
+  ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
+    path: "{{ cis_audit_rules_path }}"
+    line: "{{ item }}"
+    create: true
+    owner: root
+    group: root
+    mode: "0640"
+  loop: "{{ cis_audit_rules }}"
+  loop_control:
+    label: "{{ item }}"
+  notify: restart auditd
+
+- name: Ensure auditd is enabled and running
+  ansible.builtin.systemd:
+    name: auditd
+    enabled: true
+    state: started
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/filesystem.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/filesystem.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef306c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/filesystem.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+- name: Gather current mount facts
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    cis_current_mount_paths: "{{ ansible_mounts | map(attribute='mount') | list }}"
+
+- name: Report filesystem mount option mode
+  ansible.builtin.debug:
+    msg: >-
+      {{ 'OK: Mount option management is enabled for configured targets.'
+         if cis_manage_mount_options | bool
+         else 'WARNING: Mount option management is disabled. No production filesystems will be remounted.' }}
+
+- name: Show configured mount option recommendations
+  ansible.builtin.debug:
+    msg: "Review {{ item.path }} for options: {{ item.options | join(',') }}"
+  loop: "{{ cis_mount_option_targets }}"
+  loop_control:
+    label: "{{ item.path }}"
+  when: not cis_manage_mount_options | bool
+
+- name: Persist configured mount options without remounting
+  ansible.posix.mount:
+    path: "{{ item.path }}"
+    src: "{{ cis_mount_fact.device }}"
+    fstype: "{{ cis_mount_fact.fstype }}"
+    state: present
+    opts: "{{ ((cis_mount_fact.options | default('defaults')).split(',') + item.options) | unique | join(',') }}"
+  loop: "{{ cis_mount_option_targets }}"
+  loop_control:
+    label: "{{ item.path }}"
+  vars:
+    cis_mount_fact: "{{ ansible_mounts | selectattr('mount', 'equalto', item.path) | list | first | default({}) }}"
+  when:
+    - cis_manage_mount_options | bool
+    - item.path in cis_current_mount_paths
+  register: cis_mount_option_results
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/logging.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/logging.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9479c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/logging.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+- name: Ensure rsyslog is installed
+  ansible.builtin.package:
+    name: rsyslog
+    state: present
+  when: cis_enable_rsyslog | bool
+
+- name: Ensure rsyslog is enabled and running
+  ansible.builtin.systemd:
+    name: rsyslog
+    enabled: true
+    state: started
+  when: cis_enable_rsyslog | bool
+
+- name: Validate journald configuration file presence
+  ansible.builtin.stat:
+    path: /etc/systemd/journald.conf
+  register: cis_journald_conf
+
+- name: Report journald configuration status
+  ansible.builtin.debug:
+    msg: >-
+      {{ 'OK: /etc/systemd/journald.conf is present.'
+         if cis_journald_conf.stat.exists else 'WARNING: /etc/systemd/journald.conf was not found.' }}
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/main.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/main.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33e8b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/main.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+- name: Run platform safety prechecks
+  ansible.builtin.import_tasks: precheck.yml
+  tags:
+    - always
+    - precheck
+
+- name: Manage packages
+  ansible.builtin.import_tasks: packages.yml
+  tags:
+    - packages
+
+- name: Harden SSH daemon configuration
+  ansible.builtin.import_tasks: ssh.yml
+  tags:
+    - ssh
+
+- name: Apply kernel network hardening
+  ansible.builtin.import_tasks: sysctl.yml
+  when: cis_enable_sysctl_hardening | bool
+  tags:
+    - sysctl
+
+- name: Manage baseline services
+  ansible.builtin.import_tasks: services.yml
+  tags:
+    - services
+
+- name: Configure Linux audit controls
+  ansible.builtin.import_tasks: audit.yml
+  when: cis_install_auditd | bool
+  tags:
+    - audit
+
+- name: Configure sudo controls
+  ansible.builtin.import_tasks: sudo.yml
+  tags:
+    - sudo
+
+- name: Configure logging controls
+  ansible.builtin.import_tasks: logging.yml
+  tags:
+    - logging
+
+- name: Review filesystem mount options
+  ansible.builtin.import_tasks: filesystem.yml
+  tags:
+    - filesystem
+
+- name: Run validation postchecks
+  ansible.builtin.import_tasks: postcheck.yml
+  tags:
+    - always
+    - postcheck
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/packages.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/packages.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e083b67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/packages.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+- name: Remove legacy network packages
+  ansible.builtin.package:
+    name: "{{ cis_legacy_packages }}"
+    state: absent
+  when: cis_remove_legacy_packages | bool
+
+- name: Install chrony when enabled
+  ansible.builtin.package:
+    name: chrony
+    state: present
+  when: cis_enable_chrony | bool
+
+- name: Install auditd when enabled
+  ansible.builtin.package:
+    name: audit
+    state: present
+  when: cis_install_auditd | bool
+
+- name: Install rsyslog when enabled
+  ansible.builtin.package:
+    name: rsyslog
+    state: present
+  when: cis_enable_rsyslog | bool
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/postcheck.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/postcheck.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58b2da3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/postcheck.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+---
+- name: Validate sshd effective configuration syntax
+  ansible.builtin.command: sshd -t
+  register: cis_sshd_validate
+  changed_when: false
+  check_mode: false
+
+- name: Read sysctl values for validation
+  ansible.builtin.command: "sysctl -n {{ item.key }}"
+  loop: "{{ cis_sysctl_settings | dict2items }}"
+  loop_control:
+    label: "{{ item.key }}"
+  register: cis_sysctl_validation
+  changed_when: false
+  failed_when: false
+  check_mode: false
+  when: cis_enable_sysctl_hardening | bool
+
+- name: Gather final service facts
+  ansible.builtin.service_facts:
+
+- name: Build service state summary
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    cis_service_state_summary:
+      chronyd: "{{ ansible_facts.services['chronyd.service'].state | default('not-found') }}"
+      auditd: "{{ ansible_facts.services['auditd.service'].state | default('not-found') }}"
+      rsyslog: "{{ ansible_facts.services['rsyslog.service'].state | default('not-found') }}"
+
+- name: Build sysctl validation summary
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    cis_sysctl_validation_summary: "{{ cis_sysctl_validation_summary | default({}) | combine({item.item.key: item.stdout | default('unreadable')}) }}"
+  loop: "{{ cis_sysctl_validation.results | default([]) }}"
+  loop_control:
+    label: "{{ item.item.key }}"
+  when: cis_enable_sysctl_hardening | bool
+
+- name: Build mount option change summary
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    cis_mount_option_summary: >-
+      {{
+        cis_mount_option_results.results
+        | default([])
+        | selectattr('changed', 'defined')
+        | selectattr('changed')
+        | map(attribute='item.path')
+        | list
+      }}
+
+- name: Publish validation summary
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    cis_validation_summary:
+      benchmark: "CIS RHEL 9 Benchmark {{ cis_benchmark_version }} inspired controls"
+      sshd_config: "{{ 'OK' if cis_sshd_validate.rc == 0 else 'CRITICAL' }}"
+      services: "{{ cis_service_state_summary }}"
+      sysctl: "{{ cis_sysctl_validation_summary | default({}) }}"
+      mount_option_updates: "{{ cis_mount_option_summary | default([]) }}"
+      applied_controls:
+        - ssh
+        - packages
+        - sysctl
+        - services
+        - audit
+        - sudo
+        - logging
+        - filesystem
+
+- name: Show service states
+  ansible.builtin.debug:
+    var: cis_service_state_summary
+
+- name: Show changed mount options
+  ansible.builtin.debug:
+    msg: >-
+      {{ cis_mount_option_summary | default([]) if cis_mount_option_summary | default([]) | length > 0
+         else 'OK: No mount option changes were applied.' }}
+
+- name: Show applied control summary
+  ansible.builtin.debug:
+    var: cis_validation_summary
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/precheck.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/precheck.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78d2971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/precheck.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+- name: Determine root filesystem free space
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    cis_root_mount: "{{ ansible_mounts | selectattr('mount', 'equalto', '/') | list | first | default({}) }}"
+
+- name: Calculate root filesystem free space in MB
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    cis_root_free_mb: "{{ ((cis_root_mount.size_available | default(0) | int) / 1024 / 1024) | round(0, 'floor') | int }}"
+
+- name: Detect containerized runtime
+  ansible.builtin.set_fact:
+    cis_container_detected: >-
+      {{
+        ansible_virtualization_type | default('') in cis_container_virtualization_types
+        or ansible_env.container | default('') | length > 0
+      }}
+
+- name: Report platform precheck status
+  ansible.builtin.debug:
+    msg:
+      - "OK: Facts gathered for {{ ansible_distribution }} {{ ansible_distribution_version }}."
+      - "OK: Root filesystem free space is {{ cis_root_free_mb }} MB."
+      - >-
+        {{ 'WARNING: Containerized environment detected; service and kernel controls may be limited.'
+           if cis_container_detected else 'OK: No containerized runtime detected from Ansible facts.' }}
+      - >-
+        {{ 'OK: systemd service manager detected.'
+           if ansible_service_mgr == 'systemd' else 'CRITICAL: systemd service manager is required.' }}
+
+- name: Fail when operating system is unsupported
+  ansible.builtin.assert:
+    that:
+      - ansible_distribution in cis_supported_distributions
+      - ansible_distribution_major_version == cis_supported_major_version
+    fail_msg: >-
+      CRITICAL: This role supports only RHEL 9 / Oracle Linux 9 compatible systems.
+      Detected {{ ansible_distribution }} {{ ansible_distribution_version }}.
+    success_msg: "OK: Supported RHEL 9 compatible platform detected."
+
+- name: Fail when systemd is unavailable
+  ansible.builtin.assert:
+    that:
+      - ansible_service_mgr == 'systemd'
+    fail_msg: "CRITICAL: systemd is required for this operational hardening role."
+    success_msg: "OK: systemd is available."
+
+- name: Fail when root filesystem free space is below safety threshold
+  ansible.builtin.assert:
+    that:
+      - cis_root_free_mb | int >= cis_min_root_free_mb | int
+    fail_msg: >-
+      CRITICAL: Root filesystem has {{ cis_root_free_mb }} MB free.
+      Minimum required free space is {{ cis_min_root_free_mb }} MB.
+    success_msg: "OK: Root filesystem free space meets the safety threshold."
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/services.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/services.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..590e58a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/services.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+- name: Enable chronyd service
+  ansible.builtin.systemd:
+    name: chronyd
+    enabled: true
+    state: started
+  when: cis_enable_chrony | bool
+
+- name: Enable rsyslog service
+  ansible.builtin.systemd:
+    name: rsyslog
+    enabled: true
+    state: started
+  when: cis_enable_rsyslog | bool
+
+- name: Enable auditd service
+  ansible.builtin.systemd:
+    name: auditd
+    enabled: true
+    state: started
+  when: cis_install_auditd | bool
+
+- name: Gather service facts
+  ansible.builtin.service_facts:
+
+- name: Disable unnecessary legacy services when present
+  ansible.builtin.systemd:
+    name: "{{ item }}"
+    enabled: false
+    state: stopped
+  loop: "{{ cis_legacy_services }}"
+  loop_control:
+    label: "{{ item }}"
+  when:
+    - cis_remove_legacy_packages | bool
+    - item in ansible_facts.services
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/ssh.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/ssh.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69cffba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/ssh.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+- name: Ensure sshd drop-in directory exists
+  ansible.builtin.file:
+    path: "{{ cis_ssh_dropin_path | dirname }}"
+    state: directory
+    owner: root
+    group: root
+    mode: "0755"
+
+- name: Ensure sshd hardening drop-in exists
+  ansible.builtin.file:
+    path: "{{ cis_ssh_dropin_path }}"
+    state: touch
+    owner: root
+    group: root
+    mode: "0644"
+    modification_time: preserve
+    access_time: preserve
+
+- name: Configure SSH root login
+  ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
+    path: "{{ cis_ssh_dropin_path }}"
+    regexp: '^PermitRootLogin\s+'
+    line: "PermitRootLogin {{ 'no' if cis_disable_root_login | bool else 'prohibit-password' }}"
+    validate: sshd -t -f %s
+  notify:
+    - validate sshd
+    - reload sshd
+
+- name: Configure SSH empty password restriction
+  ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
+    path: "{{ cis_ssh_dropin_path }}"
+    regexp: '^PermitEmptyPasswords\s+'
+    line: "PermitEmptyPasswords no"
+    validate: sshd -t -f %s
+  notify:
+    - validate sshd
+    - reload sshd
+
+- name: Configure SSH password authentication
+  ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
+    path: "{{ cis_ssh_dropin_path }}"
+    regexp: '^PasswordAuthentication\s+'
+    line: "PasswordAuthentication {{ 'no' if cis_disable_password_auth | bool else 'yes' }}"
+    validate: sshd -t -f %s
+  notify:
+    - validate sshd
+    - reload sshd
+
+- name: Configure SSH MaxAuthTries
+  ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
+    path: "{{ cis_ssh_dropin_path }}"
+    regexp: '^MaxAuthTries\s+'
+    line: "MaxAuthTries {{ cis_ssh_max_auth_tries }}"
+    validate: sshd -t -f %s
+  notify:
+    - validate sshd
+    - reload sshd
+
+- name: Configure SSH LoginGraceTime
+  ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
+    path: "{{ cis_ssh_dropin_path }}"
+    regexp: '^LoginGraceTime\s+'
+    line: "LoginGraceTime {{ cis_ssh_login_grace_time }}"
+    validate: sshd -t -f %s
+  notify:
+    - validate sshd
+    - reload sshd
+
+- name: Configure SSH ClientAliveInterval
+  ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
+    path: "{{ cis_ssh_dropin_path }}"
+    regexp: '^ClientAliveInterval\s+'
+    line: "ClientAliveInterval {{ cis_ssh_client_alive_interval }}"
+    validate: sshd -t -f %s
+  notify:
+    - validate sshd
+    - reload sshd
+
+- name: Configure SSH ClientAliveCountMax
+  ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
+    path: "{{ cis_ssh_dropin_path }}"
+    regexp: '^ClientAliveCountMax\s+'
+    line: "ClientAliveCountMax {{ cis_ssh_client_alive_count_max }}"
+    validate: sshd -t -f %s
+  notify:
+    - validate sshd
+    - reload sshd
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/sudo.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/sudo.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..553d7e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/sudo.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+- name: Configure sudo hardening drop-in
+  ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
+    path: "{{ cis_sudoers_dropin_path }}"
+    regexp: "{{ item.regexp }}"
+    line: "{{ item.line }}"
+    create: true
+    owner: root
+    group: root
+    mode: "0440"
+    validate: /usr/sbin/visudo -cf %s
+  loop:
+    - regexp: '^Defaults\s+use_pty'
+      line: "Defaults use_pty"
+    - regexp: '^Defaults\s+logfile='
+      line: 'Defaults logfile="{{ cis_sudo_logfile }}"'
+  loop_control:
+    label: "{{ item.line }}"
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/sysctl.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/sysctl.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4cccb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/tasks/sysctl.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+- name: Apply CIS-inspired sysctl settings
+  ansible.posix.sysctl:
+    name: "{{ item.key }}"
+    value: "{{ item.value }}"
+    sysctl_file: "{{ cis_sysctl_config_file }}"
+    state: present
+    reload: true
+  loop: "{{ cis_sysctl_settings | dict2items }}"
+  loop_control:
+    label: "{{ item.key }}"
diff --git a/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/vars/main.yml b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/vars/main.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4b327d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infra-run/ansible/roles/cis-rhel9-hardening/vars/main.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+cis_supported_distributions:
+  - RedHat
+  - OracleLinux
+
+cis_supported_major_version: "9"